International Economic Events

Global events transcend national borders and shape trade, finance, technology, and environmental policy. Here's a comprehensive overview:

15 September 2008 – Lehman Brothers collapses, triggering the global financial crisis. Markets seized up; governments launched bailouts like TARP.
1997–1998 – The Asian Financial Crisis begins with Thailand’s baht devaluation, spreading across Southeast Asia.

23 June 2016 – Brexit referendum: UK votes to leave the EU.
31 January 2020 – UK formally exits EU, begins transition; complete departure by 31 Dec 2020.
2018–2020 – US–China Trade War: Tariffs on hundreds of billions in goods reshape global supply chains.

Since 2022, the Russia–Ukraine conflict has disrupted energy and grain markets; sanctions have reshaped global trade patterns.
2022 onward – Western sanctions on Russia impact energy and finance worldwide.

2020–2021 – COVID‑19 pandemic shuts down global economies; vaccine rollout drives economic recovery and uneven rebound.

1973 – Oil embargo initiates oil crisis; more recently, the 2020 pandemic collapse and the 2022 Ukraine war caused dramatic price swings.
Climate and conflict periodically drive food price inflation, hitting vulnerable nations.

2023–2025 – AI boom: investment surges post‑ChatGPT; chips (like NVIDIA) gain premium global valuations.
Since ~2019, 5G rollout has accelerated, with major infrastructure investment in the U.S., China, and Europe.
2024–2025 – Cryptocurrency expansion and regulatory shifts: El Salvador adopts Bitcoin; China bans mining.

CPTPP continues without the US (post‑TPP detachment), promoting regional Pacific integration.
1 January 2021 – AfCFTA launches, pioneering an integrated African market (55+ countries).

2010–2018 – Greek debt crisis triggers EU‑IMF bailouts and Eurozone reform.
Argentina – Cycles of default (e.g., 2001, 2018) create inflation, international financial stress.

2007–2009 – Great Recession: sparked by the US housing bubble, widely compared to the Great Depression.
2020 – COVID recession, rapid and global due to public health measures.

12 December 2015 – Paris Agreement (COP21) sets climate targets; COP28 (Dec 2023) launches climate finance.
Ongoing – Intense climate events (hurricanes, fires, floods) disrupt supply chains and economies.

1997 Asian crisis and; 2018 Turkish lira collapse shook investor confidence and triggered inflation.
2023–2024 – Central bank rate spikes (Fed, ECB, BoE), now inching toward pauses by 2025.

2013–2025 – China’s Belt & Road continues infrastructure investment across global corridors.
2021–2025 – Gulf sovereign wealth funds (UAE, Qatar, Saudi) expand investments in tech, real estate.
2023 expansion – BRICS growth and discussions around a joint currency reduce USD dependency.

2022–2025 – Ukraine conflict prompts European labor influx; global talent wars intensify with migration policy shifts.

🔎 Insightful Takeaways

2008–2009 events permanently reshaped banking, regulation, and risk perception.
Brexit altered trade dynamics in Europe and inspired global capitalist introspection.
COVID‑19 underscored the fragility and adaptability of supply chains and labor markets.
AI, climate policy, and 5G are redefining investment directions and economic competitiveness.
Ongoing crises like Russia–Ukraine and debt defaults underscore continued global interdependence.