Biology (Zoology, Botany, Health), Environment & Agriculture

 Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, and distribution.

🔬 BRANCHES:

• Zoology: Study of animals

• Botany: Study of plants

• Human Biology & Health: Study of the human body, diseases, and wellness

🧪 IMPORTANT TOPICS IN BIOLOGY

🐾 Zoology

• Animal Kingdom classification

• Cell Structure in animals

• Vertebrates vs Invertebrates

• Important systems: Digestive, Respiratory, Circulatory, Nervous

• Reproduction: Sexual, Asexual

• Human body organs and functions

🌿 Botany

• Parts of plant: Root, Stem, Leaf, Flower, Fruit

• Photosynthesis

• Plant reproduction

• Medicinal plants

• Algae, Fungi, Bryophytes, Angiosperms, Gymnosperms

🏥 Health & Human Body

• Organs & Systems: Heart, Brain, Liver, Lungs, Kidneys

• Diseases: Communicable (TB, HIV), Non-communicable (Diabetes, Cancer)

• Deficiency Diseases (Vitamin, Mineral)

• Vaccines & Immunity

• First Aid Basics

• Nutrition: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins (A, B, C, D, etc.)

🌱 ENVIRONMENT – FULL COURSE

📖 DEFINITION

Environment refers to the external surroundings, conditions, and influences affecting the life and development of organisms.

🌍 COMPONENTS OF ENVIRONMENT

• Biotic: Living organisms

• Abiotic: Air, water, soil, temperature

💡 IMPORTANT ENVIRONMENTAL CONCEPTS

• Ecosystem: Interaction between living & non-living

• Food Chain & Food Web

• Ozone Layer, Greenhouse Effect, Global Warming

• Pollution: Air, Water, Soil, Noise

• Biodiversity: Importance, Conservation, Hotspots

• Natural Resources: Renewable & Non-renewable

• Waste Management: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

• Environmental Movements: Chipko Movement, Narmada Bachao Andolan

🏢 ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTIONS

• UNEP, IPCC, UNFCCC, CPCB

• Acts: Environment Protection Act (1986), Wildlife Protection Act (1972)

🌾 AGRICULTURE – FULL COURSE

📖 DEFINITION

Agriculture is the science and practice of cultivating land, growing crops, and raising animals for food and other human needs.

🌿 MAJOR COMPONENTS OF AGRICULTURE

• Crops: Kharif (rice, maize), Rabi (wheat, mustard), Zaid (watermelon, cucumber)

• Irrigation methods: Drip, Sprinkler, Canal, Tube well

• Soil types: Alluvial, Black, Red, Laterite

• Fertilizers & Manures

• Green Revolution: M.S. Swaminathan

• Organic Farming

• Animal Husbandry: Dairy, Poultry, Fishery

• Schemes: PM-KISAN, Soil Health Card, E-NAM

🚜 MAJOR AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTIONS

• ICAR: Indian Council of Agricultural Research

• IARI: Indian Agricultural Research Institute

• NABARD: National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development

📝 Practice Question - Biology (Zoology, Botany, Health), Environment & Agriculture

🔬 Biology

Q1. Which part of the plant is responsible for photosynthesis?
a) Root
b) Leaf
c) Stem
d) Flower
✅ Answer: b) Leaf

Q2. RBCs are formed in:
a) Liver
b) Heart
c) Bone Marrow
d) Kidney
✅ Answer: c) Bone Marrow

Q3. Vitamin C prevents:
a) Scurvy
b) Rickets
c) Night blindness
d) Beriberi
✅ Answer: a) Scurvy

Q4. Which of the following is a water-borne disease?
a) TB
b) Cholera
c) AIDS
d) Cancer
✅ Answer: b) Cholera

🌱 Environment

Q5. The major gas responsible for the greenhouse effect is:
a) Oxygen
b) Nitrogen
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Hydrogen
✅ Answer: c) Carbon dioxide

Q6. Ozone layer is found in which layer of the atmosphere?
a) Troposphere
b) Stratosphere
c) Mesosphere
d) Thermosphere
✅ Answer: b) Stratosphere

Q7. ‘Chipko Movement’ was started for:
a) Water conservation
b) Forest conservation
c) Animal protection
d) Soil erosion
✅ Answer: b) Forest conservation

🌾 Agriculture

Q8. Kharif crops are sown in:
a) Summer
b) Winter
c) Monsoon
d) Spring
✅ Answer: c) Monsoon

Q9. Which Indian is called the “Father of Green Revolution”?
a) Verghese Kurien
b) M.S. Swaminathan
c) C. Subramaniam
d) Vikram Sarabhai
✅ Answer: b) M.S. Swaminathan

Q10. The soil most suitable for cotton cultivation is:
a) Alluvial soil
b) Red soil
c) Black soil
d) Laterite soil
✅ Answer: c) Black soil